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Doltgres compatibility update: UPDATE .. RETURNING | DoltHub Blog Last month we announced the Beta
release of Doltgres , the world's first and only version-controlled
postgres-compatible SQL database. Since then a few customers have kicked the tires and filed feature
requests for missing functionality. You asked, we delivered.
This blog details one of these improvements since the Beta launch: UPDATE
statements with a
RETURNING
clause.
What does RETURNING
do?
RETURNING
is a Postgres SQL extension to alter the result set of an INSERT
, UPDATE
, or
DELETE
statement to return information about the rows being modified. This is most useful in an
INSERT
clause that has generated keys, like this.
CREATE TABLE t1 (
a SERIAL primary key ,
b int
) ;
When I insert values into this table, Doltgres will automatically generate keys for the a
column
using a sequence. So I only insert the other columns, like this:
INSERT INTO t1 ( b) VALUES ( 1 ) ;
But what value key did Doltgres assign? The way to know is to use the RETURNING
syntax, like this:
INSERT INTO t1 ( b) VALUES ( 1 ) RETURNING a;
This second statement, rather than returning a generic command tag with the number of rows inserted,
now returns the a
value for the new rows. And the RETURNING
clause can be any expression, which
supports lots of esoteric use cases.
We found a requirement for the RETURNING
clause in INSERT
statements during early testing with
Django, so we implemented it as part of the Beta launch. But we left support for UPDATE
statements
out, until our patch release last week.
RETURNING
for UPDATE
It's not as common to use as with an INSERT
, but Postgres supports the RETURNING
clause for
UPDATE
and DELETE
statements as well. And it turns out that Prisma , a
Javascript ORM, uses it in UPDATE
statements extensively. So we implemented that as well, and it's
included in the 0.50.1 release . Let's
look at an example.
We'll use the same table definition again.
CREATE TABLE t1 (
a SERIAL primary key ,
b int
) ;
If we want to update one or more rows without reading them first, the RETURNING
clause can help us
do that. For example:
UPDATE t1 SET b = b + 100 WHERE a = 1 RETURNING b;
This statement performs the update and returns the new value of b
, which saves us from doing an
additional SELECT
or two on either side of the update. And just like with INSERT
statements, it
works with any expression, so this works too:
UPDATE t1 SET b = b + 100 WHERE a = 1 RETURNING b * 0.085 ;
This can be pretty handy in certain circumstances, and certain ORM products (like Prisma) might do
it for you automatically on certain operations.
We haven't yet implemented support for RETURNING
with DELETE
statements, but it's on our
roadmap. Need it for your project? File an issue
and let us know! We can turn new features around in about a day.
Conclusion
Work continues on compatibility and missing features to make Doltgres fully Postgres compatible. If
you have a feature you want us to hit first, please file an
issue to let us know! We love hearing from our
customers.
Questions about using the beta release? Find a bug you want fixed? Come by our
Discord to talk to our engineering team and meet other Doltgres
users.
JOIN THE DATA EVOLUTION
Get started with Dolt